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--- cynics:teles [2012/04/21 10:38] – frank
+++ cynics:teles [2014/01/14 23:20] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 were admired and frequently alluded to in classical times.
 **Teles** comes down to us in extracts made by Stobaeus from
-an inito^ made by an otherwise unknown Theodorus x
+an //epitome// made by an otherwise unknown Theodorus
 there may have been other middlemen involved in the process.
 The fragments are edited and the date and sources of **Teles**
-discussed in Hense, Teletis reliquiae ; he has also occupied
+discussed in Hense, //Teletis reliquiae// ; he has also occupied
-the attention of Wilamowitz 2 and Cronert. 3 As a result of
+the attention of Wilamowitz and Cronert. As a result of
 these studies it is known that **Teles** was a Megarian school-
 master who flourished in the second half of the third century ;
 the one reference which can be definitely dated shows that the
-diatribe TIEQI qwyfjc; was composed later than 240, 4 and delivered
+diatribe //peri phyges//; was composed later than 240, and delivered
 to an audience of youths at Megara ; **Teles** has a Megarian
 name, his writings employ certain Doric forms, and he alludes
-to himself as naidaywydi;. 5 The seven fragments are dia-
+to himself as //paidagogos//; The seven fragments are diatribes ; four on such familiar Cynic themes as Exile, Self-Sufficiency, Poverty and Wealth ; that entitled //peri peristaseon//
-tribes ; four on such familiar Cynic themes as Exile, Self-
+is a warning against //mempsimoria// ; while two have a
-Sufficiency, Poverty and Wealth ; that entitled neql neqia-
-Taaeo)v is a warning against ^B^^toiQia ; while two have a
 polemical purpose, being respectively directed against the
 Hedonist doctrine that Pleasure is the End, and the popular
 view that outward appearance is the true criterion of justice
-(neql rov doxelv KOI rov elvat).
+(//peri tou dokein kai tou einai//).
 A literary judgement of **Teles** must be based on the evidence
@@ Line 46: / Line 44: @@
 that Theodorus (presumably) maintains an annoying running
 commentary to ensure that his reader is missing nothing
-* You see the joke ? ' he asks anxiously, and again, on the
+You see the joke ? ' he asks anxiously, and again, on the
-bravery of Spartan women, * What woman of our day would
+bravery of Spartan women, What woman of our day would
 have acted thus ? ' These comments are not always easy to
 distinguish from what may have been **Teles**' remarks to his
-class, e.g. * Would any of us have gone to sleep in such circum-
+class, e.g. Would any of us have gone to sleep in such circumstances ? ' (of Socrates' fortitude in prison). But in the first
-stances ? ' (of Socrates' fortitude in prison). But in the first
 diatribe there is less extraneous matter than in the others and
 some judgement can be formed of **Teles**' style.
@@ Line 72: / Line 69: @@
 the literary tastes of his audience. His great heroes are
 Socrates, Diogenes, and Crates ; and Cynic literature is freely
-quoted, especially Bion. There are references to ol aQ%aloi y
+quoted, especially Bion. There are references to //hoi archaioi//
 presumably the older Cynic authors, and explicit quotations
 from Crates and Metrocles, though it cannot be decided
 whether he got them at first hand, or, as Hense maintains,
-through Bion, or through books of ^qelai.^ Socrates he knows
+through Bion, or through books of chreiai. Socrates he knows
 at best through the Xenophontic tradition ; the allusion to
-the PJiaedo 2 can hardly be at first hand, for it is coupled with
+the //Phaedo// can hardly be at first hand, for it is coupled with
 a magnificent howler about the last words of Socrates which
 argues a very dubious source. Stilpo is naturally drawn upon
@@ Line 93: / Line 90: @@
 admiring references to Sparta imply that her valorous conduct
 on such occasions as her resistance to Pyrrhus maintained
-during the third century the Spartan reputation for avdpsia.
+during the third century the Spartan reputation for //andreia//.
 The taste catered for is clearly a popular one whose chief
 interest lay in the didactic aspect of literature.
@@ Line 104: / Line 101: @@
 (e) Educational Theory
-The Cynics had always laid great stress on naidda though
+The Cynics had always laid great stress on //paideia// though
 **Teles** is the only known case of a Cynic schoolmaster. During
 the third century Cynic works on education appeared in which
-Diogenes was depicted as the ideal naidayayyoq ; two such
+Diogenes was depicted as the ideal //paidagogos// ; two such
-books known to us were the TlaiQaywyiKoc, of Cleomenes x
+books known to us were the //Paidagogikos//, of Cleomenes
-and the Aioyevovi; n^aou; of Eubulus. 2 The fragment pre-
+and the //Diogenous prasis// of Eubulus. The fragment pre-
 served from the latter is of especial interest, for it outlines a
 curriculum supposed to have been adopted by Diogenes in
-educating the sons of his master Xeniades of Corinth. * After
+educating the sons of his master Xeniades of Corinth. After
 their other studies he taught them to ride, to shoot with the
 bow, to sling stones and hurl javelins. He also took them out
-hunting/ . . . Such exercises were presumably recommended
+hunting . . . Such exercises were presumably recommended
-as involving jioVog, and it is interesting to be told that * in
+as involving //ponos//, and it is interesting to be told that in
 the wrestling-school he would not permit the master to give
 them full athletic training, but only sufficient to keep them
-in colour and in good condition '. The Cynics deprecated
+in colour and in good condition'. The Cynics deprecated
 specialization in athletics and several apophthegms directed
-against athletes were attributed to Diogenes. 3 ' He would
+against athletes were attributed to Diogenes. 'He would
-wonder that men would strive to out- do each other in digging
+wonder that men would strive to outdo each other in digging
-and kicking, and yet no one strove to become a good man * :
+and kicking, and yet no one strove to become a good man. Athletes are so stupid because they are built up of pigs-flesh
- Athletes are so stupid because they are built up of pigs'-flesh
+and bulls-flesh; a victory at the Great Games was won over
-and bulls '-flesh ' ; a victory at the Great Games was won over
 slaves, the Cynic's victory over men. The point was, of
 course, that the athlete's abounding energy might be better
 directed. The boys' intellectual development was to be
-secured by * making them learn by heart many passages from
+secured by making them learn by heart many passages from
 the poets, historians, and the works of Diogenes himself ; and
 he would try every short cut to improve their memories '.
 We see from the quotations and historical allusions in **Teles**
 that the poets and historians were esteemed for their didactic
-value, they provided koyoi xprjarot. As for behaviour, * he
+value, they provided //logoi chestoi//. As for behaviour, he
 taught them to wait on themselves, to eat plain food, and to
 drink water. They were made to crop their hair, and wear
@@ Line 141: / Line 137: @@
 The educational programme thus fostered on Diogenes is a
 compound of various existing systems, interpreted in a Cynic
-spirit. The ordinary Greek elementary education (ra yQajn-
+spirit. The ordinary Greek elementary education (//ta grammata//) forms its backbone, augmented by features derived from
-fiara) forms its backbone, augmented by features derived from
 Sparta (hunting) and from the Persian system described by
-Xenophon in the Cyropaedia (shooting with the bow, riding).
+Xenophon in the //Cyropaedia// (shooting with the bow, riding).
-The regimen is that of the Cynic avrdgxeia, but the aim of
+The regimen is that of the Cynic //autarkeia//, but the aim of
-the system is not to produce little Cynics, as naidaycoyos in the
+the system is not to produce little Cynics, as //paidagogos// in the
 literal, largos in a figurative sense, the Cynic labours not on
 behalf of his movement but of mankind.
-The papyri 1 dealing with the theme of ala%()oxe()Seia are
+The papyri dealing with the theme of //aischrokerdeia// are
 on the same literary level as the diatribes of **Teles**. They are
 obviously part of an anthology ; Knox's theory that the
 compilation is due to Cercidas is attractive and probable.
 Addressed to a certain Parnos, who ' lends a ready ear to
-ennobling verse ', 2 they are an expression of disgust at an age
+ennobling verse ', they are an expression of disgust at an age
 of shameless commercialism whose keynote is the line of
 Sophocles, The author announces his own intention of abiding by ' That
@@ Line 162: / Line 157: @@
 Faith and Justice from the earth, and Zeus and the gods of
 popular belief are apparently impotent, the righteous man can
-live in the knowledge that a day will come ... * for I see
+live in the knowledge that a day will come ... for I see
 many who grow rich on shamelessness, yet their wealth all
 vanished as though it had never been '. There follows a
 remarkable outburst.
-ecfTiv yd@ eoTfv, og tads
+//estin gar estin, os tade skopei daimon\\
-o$ ev #(>oVa> to Oelov ov
+os en chronoi to theion ou kataischunei,\\
-vefiei d' xdcfT) rrjv xaraictiov
+nemei d' heskastoi ten kataision moiran//
 The deity in question is, one may conjecture, Nemesis ;
 Theophrastus, asked what powers govern human life, answered
-Evegysoia xai Ti/mcoQia, divinities also recognized by Democ-
+//Euergesia kai timoria//, divinities also recognized by Democ-
-ritus. 1 To enforce the warning against aia%QoxE$deia an
+ritus. 1 To enforce the warning against //aischrokerdeia// an
 iambic poem of Phoenix of Colophon is cited ; it deals with
 profiteers where * houses are fair and noble and worth a fortune,
@@ Line 181: / Line 176: @@
 shows how the ' commonplaces ' and similes they contain are
 those regarded as especially appropriate to the theme of
-ala%QoxsQdeia ; and Fiske points out the parallels in Horace,
+//aischrokerdeia// ; and Fiske points out the parallels in Horace,
 Satires, i. i.
 \\
 Source modified. [[http://archive.org/stream/historyofcynicis032872mbp/historyofcynicis032872mbp_djvu.txt|Source]]</blockquote>