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cynics:heraclitus [2012/06/02 22:49] – frankcynics:heraclitus [2014/03/01 22:22] (current) – [Ancillary to the PreSocratic Philosophers] frank
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 He wrote one book, covering all knowledge, metaphysical, scientific and political, in an oracular style. He wrote one book, covering all knowledge, metaphysical, scientific and political, in an oracular style.
  
-1. The Law 1 (of the universe) is as here explained; but men are always incapable of understanding it, both before they hear it, and when they have heard it for the first time. For though all things come into being in accordance with this Law, men seem as if they had never met with it, when they meet with words (theories) and actions (processes) such as I expound, separating each thing according to its nature and explaining how it is made. As for the rest of mankind, they are unaware of what they are doing after they wake, just as they forget what they did while asleep.+1. The Law((Logos, the intelligible Law of the universe, and its reasoned statement by Heracleitus.)) (of the universe) is as here explained; but men are always incapable of understanding it, both before they hear it, and when they have heard it for the first time. For though all things come into being in accordance with this Law, men seem as if they had never met with it, when they meet with words (Logoi) and actions (processes) such as I expound, separating each thing according to its nature and explaining how it is made. As for the rest of mankind, they are unaware of what they are doing after they wake, just as they forget what they did while asleep.
  
 2. Therefore one must follow (the universal Law, namely) that which is common (to all). But although the Law is universal, the majority live as if they had understanding peculiar to themselves. 2. Therefore one must follow (the universal Law, namely) that which is common (to all). But although the Law is universal, the majority live as if they had understanding peculiar to themselves.
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 4. If happiness lay in bodily pleasures, we would call oxen happy when they find vetch to eat. 4. If happiness lay in bodily pleasures, we would call oxen happy when they find vetch to eat.
  
-S. They purify themselves by staining 1 themselves with other blood, as if one were to step into mud in order to wash off mud. But a man would be thought mad 1 if any of his fellow-men should perceive him acting thus. Moreover, they talk to these statues (of theirs) as if one were to hold conversation with houses, in his ignorance of the nature of both gods and heroes.+S. They purify themselves by staining themselves with other blood, as if one were to step into mud in order to wash off mud. But a man would be thought mad if any of his fellow-men should perceive him acting thus. Moreover, they talk to these statues (of theirs) as if one were to hold conversation with houses, in his ignorance of the nature of both gods and heroes.
  
 6. The sun is new each day. 6. The sun is new each day.
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 25. The greater the fate (death), the greater the reward. 25. The greater the fate (death), the greater the reward.
  
-26. In the night, a man kindles 1 a light because his sight is quenched; while living, he approximates to 1 a dead man during sleep; while awake, he approximates to one who sleeps.+26. In the night, a man kindles a light because his sight is quenched; while living, he approximates to a dead man during sleep; while awake, he approximates to one who sleeps.
  
 27. There await men after they are dead things which they do not expect or imagine. 27. There await men after they are dead things which they do not expect or imagine.
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 28. The most wise-seeming man knows, (that is), preserves, only what seems; furthermore, retribution will seize the fabricators of lies and the (false) witnesses. 28. The most wise-seeming man knows, (that is), preserves, only what seems; furthermore, retribution will seize the fabricators of lies and the (false) witnesses.
  
-29. The best men choose one thing rather than all else: everlasting fame among mortal men. 2 The majority are satisfied, like well-fed cattle.+29. The best men choose one thing rather than all else: everlasting fame among mortal men. The majority are satisfied, like well-fed cattle.
  
 30. This ordered universe (cosmos), which is the same for all, was not created by any one of the gods or of mankind, but it was ever and is and shall be ever-living Fire, kindled in measure and quenched in measure. 30. This ordered universe (cosmos), which is the same for all, was not created by any one of the gods or of mankind, but it was ever and is and shall be ever-living Fire, kindled in measure and quenched in measure.
  
-31. The changes of fire: first, sea; and of sea, half is earth and half fiery water-spout . . . Earth 1 is liquified into sea, and retains its measure according to the same Law as existed before it became earth.+31. The changes of fire: first, sea; and of sea, half is earth and half fiery water-spout . . . Earth is liquified into sea, and retains its measure according to the same Law as existed before it became earth.
  
 32. That which alone is wise is one; it is willing and unwilling to be called by the name of Zeus. 32. That which alone is wise is one; it is willing and unwilling to be called by the name of Zeus.
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 47. Let us not conjecture at random about the greatest things. 47. Let us not conjecture at random about the greatest things.
  
-48. The bow is called Life, 1 but its work is death.+48. The bow is called Life, but its work is death.
  
 49. One man to me is (worth) ten thousand, if he is the best. 49. One man to me is (worth) ten thousand, if he is the best.
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 68. (Heracleitus called the shameful rites of the Mysteries) Remedies. 68. (Heracleitus called the shameful rites of the Mysteries) Remedies.
  
-69. (There are two sorts of sacrifice: one kind offered by men entirely purified, as sometimes occurs, though rarely, in an individual, or a few easy to number; the other kind material). 1+69. (There are two sorts of sacrifice: one kind offered by men entirely purified, as sometimes occurs, though rarely, in an individual, or a few easy to number; the other kind material).
  
 70. Children's toys (i.e. men's conjectures). 70. Children's toys (i.e. men's conjectures).
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 83. (On Pythagoras). Original chief of wranglers. 83. (On Pythagoras). Original chief of wranglers.
  
-82. (The most handsome ape is ugly compared with the human race). 1+82. (The most handsome ape is ugly compared with the human race).
  
-83. (The wisest man will appear an ape in relation to God, both in wisdom and beauty and everything else). 1+83. (The wisest man will appear an ape in relation to God, both in wisdom and beauty and everything else).
  
 84a. It rests from change. (Elemental Fire in the human body). 84a. It rests from change. (Elemental Fire in the human body).
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 90. There is an exchange: all things for Fire and Fire for all things, like goods for gold and gold for goods. 90. There is an exchange: all things for Fire and Fire for all things, like goods for gold and gold for goods.
  
-91. It is not possible to step twice into the same river. (It is impossible to touch the same mortal substance twice, but through the rapidity of change) they scatter and again combine (or rather, not even 'again' or 'later', but the combination and separation are simultaneous) and approach and separate. 1+91. It is not possible to step twice into the same river. (It is impossible to touch the same mortal substance twice, but through the rapidity of change) they scatter and again combine (or rather, not even 'again' or 'later', but the combination and separation are simultaneous) and approach and separate.
  
 92. The Sibyl with raving mouth uttering her unlaughing, unadorned, unincensed words reaches out over a thousand years with her voice, through the (inspiration of the) god. 92. The Sibyl with raving mouth uttering her unlaughing, unadorned, unincensed words reaches out over a thousand years with her voice, through the (inspiration of the) god.
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 103. Beginning and end are general in the circumference of the circle. 103. Beginning and end are general in the circumference of the circle.
  
-104. What intelligence or understanding have they? They believe the people's bards, and use as their teacher the populace, not knowing that 'the majority are bad, and the good are few'. 2+104. What intelligence or understanding have they? They believe the people's bards, and use as their teacher the populace, not knowing that 'the majority are bad, and the good are few'.
  
 105. Homer was an astrologer. 105. Homer was an astrologer.
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 113. The thinking faculty is common to all. 113. The thinking faculty is common to all.
  
-114. If we speak with intelligence, 1 we must base our strength on that which is common to all, 1 as the city on the Law (Nomos), and even more strongly. For all human laws are nourished by one, which is divine. For it governs as far as it will, and is sufficient for all, and more than enough.+114. If we speak with intelligence, we must base our strength on that which is common to all, as the city on the Law (Nomos), and even more strongly. For all human laws are nourished by one, which is divine. For it governs as far as it will, and is sufficient for all, and more than enough.
  
 115. The soul has its own Law (Logos), which increases itself (i.e. grows according to its needs). 115. The soul has its own Law (Logos), which increases itself (i.e. grows according to its needs).
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 126. Cold things grow hot, hot things grow cold, the wet dries, the parched is moistened. 126. Cold things grow hot, hot things grow cold, the wet dries, the parched is moistened.
  
-Doubtful and spurious fragments 1+//Doubtful and spurious fragments//
  
 126a. According to the law of the seasons, the number Seven is combined in the moon, separated in the constellations of the Bear, the signs of immortal Memory. 126a. According to the law of the seasons, the number Seven is combined in the moon, separated in the constellations of the Bear, the signs of immortal Memory.
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 126b. One thing increases in one way, another in another, in relation to what it lacks. 126b. One thing increases in one way, another in another, in relation to what it lacks.
  
-12 7. (To the Egyptians): 'If they are gods, why do you lament them? If you lament them, you must no longer regard them as gods.'+127. (To the Egyptians): 'If they are gods, why do you lament them? If you lament them, you must no longer regard them as gods.'
  
-128. They (the Hellenes) pray to statues of the gods, that do not hear them, as if they heard, and do not give, just as they cannot ask. 2+128. They (the Hellenes) pray to statues of the gods, that do not hear them, as if they heard, and do not give, just as they cannot ask. 
  
 129. Pythagoras, son of Mnêsarchus, practised research most of all men, and making extracts from these treatises he compiled a wisdom of his own, an accumulation of learning, a harmful craft. 129. Pythagoras, son of Mnêsarchus, practised research most of all men, and making extracts from these treatises he compiled a wisdom of his own, an accumulation of learning, a harmful craft.
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 139. (Astrological forgery of Byzantine times). 139. (Astrological forgery of Byzantine times).
- +\\ 
-__Footnotes__ +\\ 
- +Source: Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers. A complete translation of the Fragments in Diels, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker by Kathleen Freeman. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press [1948] This text is in the public domain in the US because its copyright was not renewed in a timely fashion as required by law at the time. The chapters are numbered as in the Fifth Edition of Diels, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. The numbers in brackets are those of the Fourth Edition.</blockquote>
-1. Logos, the intelligible Law of the universe, and its reasoned statement by Heracleitus. See Companion, pp. 115 sqq. +
- +
-2. Pun on μιαινόμενοι, and μαίνεσθαι which cannot be reproduced in English. +
- +
-3. Pun on ἄπτεται, 'kindles', and 'touches upon' (approximates to). +
- +
-4. Or: 'rather than things mortal'. +
- +
-5. γῆ supplied by Kranz; otherwise, 'the sea is distributed'. +
- +
-6. Pun on βίος, Life, and βιός, bow. +
- +
-7. Paraphrase in Iamblichus. +
- +
-8. Paraphrases in Plato, Hippias Major. +
- +
-9. Phrases of Heracleitus quoted in Aristotle, Metaphysics. +
- +
-10. Saying attributed to Bias of Priênê. Diels, Vors., ch. 10, 3, s. 1. +
- +
-11. Pun on ξὺν νῷ and ξυνῷ. +
- +
-12. For discussion, see Companion, pp. 128-9. +
- +
-13. Reading uncertain.</blockquote>+
cynics/heraclitus.1338695367.txt.gz · Last modified: 2014/01/14 22:45 (external edit)
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