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 ====== Discovery of the Garamantes: Lucian's Text ======
-With the demise of the Ghaddafi regime in Libya, the floodgates have been opened for archeologists to study the Garamantes, an ancient Berber kingdom that populated that region from 500 BC to 700 AD [[wp>Garamantes]]. In the archeology world, it's like going to explore El-Dorado except that the archeologists always knew that the remnants of Garamantian civilization was always there but they were never able to be physically there to dig and conduct tests, at least not for the last 40 years. Check out this good preview article: [[http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2011/11/17/satellite-photos-show-ancient-saharan-fortresses-of-a-lost-empire/|Satellite Photos Show Ancient Saharan Fortresses of a Lost Empire]]
+{{:2011:garamantes.jpg?450|}}
+<html><p xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"><img src="http://i.creativecommons.org/p/mark/1.0/88x31.png" style="border-style: none;" alt="Public Domain Mark" /></a><br />This work (by <a href="https://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki" rel="dct:creator">https://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki</a>), identified by <a href="http://meninpublishing.org" rel="dct:publisher"><span property="dct:title">Frank Redmond</span></a>, is free of known copyright restrictions.</p></html>
+==== Authored by Frank Redmond, 2011 ====
+With the demise of the Ghaddafi regime in [[wp>Libya]], the floodgates have been opened for archeologists to study the Garamantes, an ancient Berber kingdom that populated that region from 500 BC to 700 AD [[wp>Garamantes]]. In the archeology world, it's like going to explore El-Dorado except that the archeologists always knew that the remnants of Garamantian civilization was always there but they were never able to be physically there to dig and conduct tests, at least not for the last 40 years. Check out this good preview article: [[http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2011/11/17/satellite-photos-show-ancient-saharan-fortresses-of-a-lost-empire/|Satellite Photos Show Ancient Saharan Fortresses of a Lost Empire]]
-It is well-known that Herodotus and some other ancient authors like Pliny mentioned the Garamantes, but it is less well-known that Lucian also wrote about the Garamantes in his essay [[http://lucianofsamosata.info/texts.html#chapter55|Dipsas, the Thirst Snake]]. Although the essay was probably written as a rhetorical exercise, it provides a vivid picture the utter desolation of the Sahara Desert and the tribulations of the Garamantians. It is clear that Lucian does not romanticize the lifestyle of the Garamantes. I advise you to read the entire essay for its wonderful use of imagery and juxtaposition, but here is an excerpt from Lucian's text:
+It is well-known that [[wp>Herodotus]] and some other ancient authors like [[wp>Pliny the Elder]] mentioned the Garamantes, but it is less well-known that Lucian also wrote about the Garamantes in his essay [[http://lucianofsamosata.info/texts.html#chapter55|Dipsas, the Thirst Snake]]. Although the essay was probably written as a rhetorical exercise, it provides a vivid picture the utter desolation of the Sahara Desert and the tribulations of the Garamantians. It is clear that Lucian does not romanticize the lifestyle of the Garamantes. I advise you to read the entire essay for its wonderful use of imagery and juxtaposition, but here is an excerpt from Lucian's text:
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 On its borders dwell the Garamantians, a lightly clad, agile tribe of tent-dwellers subsisting mainly by the chase. These are the only people who occasionally penetrate the desert, in pursuit of game. They wait till rain falls, about the winter solstice, mitigating the excessive heat, moistening the sand, and making it just passable. Their quarry consists chiefly of wild asses, the giant ostrich that runs instead of flying, and monkeys, to which the elephant is sometimes added; these are the only creatures sufficiently proof against thirst and capable of bearing that incessant fiery sunshine. But the Garamantians, as soon as they have consumed the provisions they brought with them, instantly hurry back, in fear of the sand's recovering its heat and becoming difficult or impassable, in which case they would be trapped, and lose their lives as well as their game. For if the sun draws up the vapour, dries the ground rapidly, and has an access of heat, throwing into its rays the fresh vigour derived from that moisture which is its aliment, there is then no escape.
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 THE southern parts of Libya are all deep sand and parched soil, a desert of wide extent that produces nothing, one vast plain destitute of grass, herb, vegetation, and water; or if a remnant of the scanty rain stands here and there in a hollow place, it is turbid and evil-smelling, undrinkable even in the extremity of thirst. The land is consequently uninhabited; savage, dried up, barren, droughty, how should it support life? The mere temperature, an atmosphere that is rather fire than air, and a haze of burning sand, make the district quite inaccessible.
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 Read the rest [[http://lucianofsamosata.info/texts.html#chapter55|HERE]].
-I think it will be a nice contrast to read what Herodotus has to say about the Garamantes. Some of it is ridiculous, but that's what makes Herodotus so charming:-D. It's important to keep in mind that Herodotus lived 500 years before Lucian and did not live in the time of a united Mediterranean empire like Lucian did:
+I think it will be a nice contrast to read what Herodotus has to say about the Garamantes. Some of it is ridiculous, but that's what makes Herodotus so charming :-D. It's important to keep in mind that Herodotus lived 500 years before Lucian and did not live in the time of a united Mediterranean empire like Lucian did:
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 Ten days' journey from Augila there is again a salt-hill and a spring;
 palms of the fruitful kind grow here abundantly, as they do also at